- Manaku 1947 lo independent vachina ventane Pak army J&K ni valla country lo add cheskovalani Srinagar loni sympathy groups tho movement start chesaru.
- So appdu MAHARAJA HARI SINGH thama country ni pak lo kalapadam istam leka indian govt ni help cheyandi ani request chesadu.
- Apdu indian Govt kashmir ni india lo kalipithe help cheyadaniki vasthundhani message send chestharu.
- Apati varaku kashmir independent ga vundalani istam padina MAHARAJA ..Pak army gurinchi alochinchi istam lekapoina India tho kalavadaniki oppukunnadu.Inthalope vallu kontha part akramincharu(present POK)
- October 26th 1947 lo india tho “Instrument of Accession of J&K TO INDIA” sign chesadu
- Ikada agreement lo clause 7 lo indian Constitution valid kadhani,clause 8 ee agreement kashmir sovereignty ni damage cheyledhu ani vundhi.
- Only 3 subjects Defence,External affairs,communication matters matrame india ki surrender chesindhi.
- Ee powers tho indian army Kashmir ni mana control loki thiskundhi.
- 1948 Lo sheikh Abdulla kashmir ki PM ayyadu.
- Kashmir issue ni Apdu vunna Indian PM Nehru UNITED NATION daggariki thiskelladu..Apudu UN kashmir ki INTERNATIONAL DISPUTE TAG ichindhi. Apudu UN dagara Pakisthan POK ni vadhilisthe india public opinion thiskuntam ani oka promise chesindhi (With india or not ani).
- 1949 lo Abdulla nd Maharaja Hari singh thamu maximum autonomy tho india lo united ga vundataniki ista paddaru.
- Inka india Kashmir ki special status isthu 1952 lo president order tho article 370 ni mana Constitution lo add chesaru.
- But akkada “TEMPORARY PROVISIONS” ani mention chesindhi..Idhi Sheikh Abdulla ki nachaledu but indian govt dhanni accept cheyaledhu.
Implications of article 370:
- Central Govt chesina Defence, Finance&communication, Foreign Affairs thappa remaining laws without state legislation permission lekunda apply kalevu.
Applicable parts:
Indian Constitution lo vunna most parts J&K ki apply avvavu(Ex:Part 5 of indian Constitution)
Jurisdiction of Indian Parliament
- Indian parliament chesina edhaina law chesthe adhi j&k legislation lo pass aithe valid avthundhi.
- Every matter ki Normal ga state,central , concurrent list ani vunntayi..‘Preventive detention’ anedhi indian Constitution lo central list but J&K lo adhi state list.so central law akkada apply avvadhu.
- Central govt ki(Articld253) edhaina state ni international treaty kindha ivvadam lanti powers vuntayi but J&K midha alanti powers vundavu.
- Article 356(President rule)Normal states laga apply avvadhu…6months Governor rule(Section 92 of J&K)
Chesina tarvatha appatiki inka Governor rule vunte apudu president rule apply avthundhi.
Fundamental Rights:
J&K people ki Remaining states kante ekkuva rights vuntai(Ex:special right as regards employment, acquisition of property and settlement have been conferred on permanent resident) and “Right to property” anedhi inka ikkada Fundamental right gane vundhi.
Directive principles nd Fundamental duties:
Indian Constitution Part IV and Part IV (A) anevi J&K lo apply avvavu.
Amendment of the Constitution:
- Mana parliament chese amendment kuda J&K assembly 2/3rd permission lekunda apply avvadu.
- Highcourt powers kuda limited ga vuntai.oka law ni unconstitutional ani cheppe right High court ki ledhu.
Fundamental rights pai writs chese right kuda vundadhu.
Amendment or abrogation of Article 370:
- Dhinni Article 370 ni amendment or remove chese powers president ki vunnai.
- Adhi kuda J&K CONSTITUTIONAL ASSEMBLY permission tho matrame.
- But ikkada twist entante CONSTITUTIONAL ASSEMBLY ni J&K 90’s lone dissolve chesindhi.
- So ee article ni parliament remove cheyocha ledha ani peddha question mark.
- But dhinni Article 368(Amendment of Constitution) use cheskoni remove cheyochu ani antunaru.
Demand for Abrogation of Article 370:
Article 370 ki favour nd against ga two sides equal valid points rise chesthunaru.
Against to article 370:
- Idhi ipdu vunna anni issue ki reason ani dhinni ventane remove cheyali ani antunaru.
- Article 370 separatists movement ni encourage chesthundhani.
- Initial stage dhini oka temporary provision ga matrame chusarani idhi ipdu valid kadhani.
- Article 370 valla J&K india lo ippatiki part kannattu vundhani antunaru.
Favour of article 370:
- Article 370 remove chesthe ipdu vunna problems inka ekkuva increase avthayani so vunna problems ki solution chudalani antunaru.
- North east states lo kuda indian Constitution valid ainappatiki separatist movement vundani antunaru.
- Ipdu dhinni remove chesthe idhi instrument of accession kindha J&K ki ichina power ni india violate chesthunadhani antunaru.
#Yash